STS Midterm

Strongly influence our lives since through these we are able to control and manipulate the environment to a great extent.

education seeks to help students grow and develop in all dimensions: emotional, psychological, creative, social, imaginative, physical, intuitive, and spiritual as well as intellectual.

humanized science education: and like any other general education course, it is a good channel for communicating values.

aims to remind you that because you have been given powers to shape the world, you have great responsibilities to fulfil in society. This course also helps you realize that the benefits we presently enjoy are the contributions of other people who have shared their knowledge and skills with the rest of the world. And not only must that, but that eventually, you, too, give your contribution to society.

They are tasked with the responsibility of developing our burgeoning human resources to satisfy the ever-changing needs and well-being of our society and nation and to face the challenges of a rapidly evolving world.

Philippine higher education system that is equitable and producing locally responsive, innovative, and globally competitive graduates and lifelong learners

To promote equitable access and ensure quality and relevance of higher education institutions and their programs.

They have always been given reminders to prepare themselves for the strict

demands of globalization and the information age.

Is the aggregate of people living together in a more or less ordered community.

It has been said that man’s bewilderment and scientific view of the globe started in what was known then as ancient Mesopotamia.

A historical region in Western Asia

- Situated within the Tigris-Euphrates River

- From the Greek word meaning “The Land between two rivers”

The people of Ancient Greece did not consider science as a distinct subject from that of Philosophy. But we can consider the work of one philosopher as showing signs of scientific perspectives.

- from Miletus in Asia Minor now known as Turkey

- A pre-Socratic Greek Philosopher, Mathematician, and Astronomer

- One of the seven Sages in Greece

- THALES Became famous for predicting a solar eclipse on _________

“The most difficult thing in life is to know yourself.”

“Nothing is more active than thought, for it travels over the universe, and nothing is stronger than necessity for all must submit to it.”

- Along with Plato, he is considered the Father of Western Philosophy

- He was from Stagira, Greece

o The goal of the ethics is to determine how best to achieve happiness.

depends on living in accordance with appropriate virtues

- From Syracuse, Italy; Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, inventor, and astronomer

- Famous for his Law of Buoyance:

_________wanted to give _______ a gift so he asked Archimedes to

supervise the building of a great ship—the Syracusia.

- He was from Cyrene (now Libya in North Africa)

- Greek mathematician, geographer, poet, astronomer, and music theorist

- Chief Librarian at the library of Alexandria

- Invented the discipline of geography, including the terms we used up to today

- He calculated the circumference of the earth using only his wooden stick and his mind

- Greek inventor and mathematician

- Father of Pneumatics

- From Alexandria

- He discovered elasticity

- He developed the suction pump

- Constructed a precise water clock

- Hydraulis – a musical instrument which is the ancestor of pipe organ

Inventions of the Chinese during the Onset of Science and Technology in Asia:

was not to be left behind as many of the most advanced technology in the first millennium AD, such as the spinning wheel, was first used by Indians, and Indian farming techniques were considered superior even to the Chinese.

saw a shift of scientific knowledge from the philosophers of Greece, and

the engineers of Rome to the East.

- The Caliph founded this in the capital in accordance with the Islamic saying

“the ink of a scholar is more holy than the blood of martyr.”

- Its main purpose is to be a great library and formidable center of research.

- Persian Astronomer

- Lunar crater Azoph was named after him

- One of the two most outstanding practical astronomers of the middle ages

- Arab mathematician, astronomer, and physicist of the Islamic golden age

- Wrote a book about optics (comparable with the work of Newton)

- A physician who formulated soap and made distinctions between smallpox and measles

- Introduced algebra and algorithms

- An engineer who was the first to use rod systems still found in cars today

which allowed for the blossoming of the

sciences in the 750s, lasted for more than five centuries. It was very important because it provided the basis for experiments to flourish and allowed the use of modern scientific ways.

- A doctor from Poland who had the idea that it was the sun which was at the

center of the solar system.

- A German astrologer who observed the elliptical orbits of Mars

- An Italian who identified around four moons of the planet Jupiter using more

powerful telescopes, which marked the dawn of a new age in cosmology.

- He also ably showed the utilization of scientific data by conducting experiments on falling objects and propagated the use of the pendulum as a keeper of time.

- Dutchman who took advantage of Galileo’s ideas with pendulum and soon

built the first pendulum clock in 1657.

- An English Philosopher who made a pitch for the use of scientific method and, thus, laid a strong foundation for modern science that is grounded on

observation and experiment.

- Discovered Air Pump

Danish astronomer who was famous due to his calculations on the approximate speed of light

who also made inroads into modern science and developed his own thinking in the fields of anatomy and geology.

- Among his accomplishments was the study of rock layers, which established a new scientific ground for the emerging science of geology.

The 1600’s saw the growth of new technological developments that drove scientists to study objects in their smallest state and become obsessed with

anything minute.

- In the late 1600’s, revealed for the very first time to the scientific community his findings on the complex structure of small insects, such as fleas and bugs.

- Dutchman and store owner of fabric, who started making his own microscopes and was able to found small life forms in places where scientists had not thought of conducting their research before, such as water.

- He soon discovered life forms with single cells, like bacteria.

- Showed that the different stages in the development of an insect were not separate animals but were just one and the same and just undergoing a process; thus, outdated ideas, which dated back to the time of Aristotle were proven untrue by these latest discoveries.

- An Englishman biologist who made a great collection of plants species which was considered the first important attempt to systematize the classification of living things.

The new discoveries were quite important as they laid a stable foundation and basis for the rise of modern scientific disciplines, such as astronomy,

chemistry, physics, and biology.

The 17th century finally ended, and the toast of the century, Isaac Newton, had just publicized his mind-boggling laws of motion and gravity, which stunned the science community and impacted it with giant repercussions, such as making science results perfect and mathematics oriented.

- In the early 18 th century, he was able to discover root pressure (rising of sap within plants) and, invented a trough for collecting gases. This instrument, later on, was found useful in dissecting air composition.

- A Swiss mathematician, who was primarily responsible for the Bernoulli principle, which stated that “the pressure of a fluid falls when it is moving.”

This principle allowed the Swiss wizard to keep tabs on blood pressure. This principle was later on utilized in the principles governing the flying of an

aircraft.

- A Scottish Chemist

- He was able to produce an amazing doctoral thesis about calcium carbonate

degeneration and the extraction of carbon dioxide.

- Made an important contribution by illustrating that water was made of two parts of hydrogen to one of oxygen.

- He demonstrated how green plants emitted oxygen under the sun and carbon dioxide in the dark.

- He explained that many elements, including carbon and phosphorus, could burn by combining with oxygen to form what is now termed as oxides.

A French chemist who made another important discovery by figuring out that chemical elements, most of the time, merged in exact shares. This was an

essential step toward knowing the production of simple compunds.

While great strides were made in the fields of physics and chemistry, the functions of the earth also came to be realized.

An American who was able to show how big-scale ocean currents flowed at the bottom of the sea with his inquiries of the Gulf Stream.

- An English amateur meteorologist, who expounded in a paper the impact of the trade winds in relation to the rotation of the globe.

- He took advantage of Newton’s idea, by taking measurements of the gravitational pull of a mountain in Scotland, and in the process, was able to

find out the density of the earth.

- Who became engrossed in geology and soon made the conclusion that the earth was a little bit older than anyone had previously believed.

With the emergence of knowledge on the earth’s real age, many scientists theorized on the evolution of life and how it originated.

A French naturalist and mathematician who was one of those who pioneered the creation of a theory of evolution.

- He spent most of his time delving into the complex relationship between plants and insects and later made the conclusion that bisexual flowers did not

have the ability to fertilize themselves because they produced male and female flowers at different peroiods.

- An Englishman who focused his study on specifics about demography and predicted the end of the world if population growth was left unchecked. He

emphasized this predicament with his essay, “The Principle of Population.”

An Italian physicist who made big strides with the iconic invention of the electric battery. This invention advanced the spread of technology in the coming decades.

- An English philosopher who introduced the creation of new profession separate from that of philosophy. He suggested a name for this man of

science: the scientist.

As had already been said, the invention of electric battery in 1799 created a whole new field of scientific ideas and in the following years, various scientists

discovered new things.

- A Danish who established a connection between electricity and magnetism.

- A member of London Royal Institution who invented the world’s first electric motor.

- A Scottish who made some calculations and in the process, solved the complex mathematics of electromagnetism.

- German astronomer who, during his scientific endeavours, realized that his thermometer showed a higher temperature over the red end of the visible spectrum. He had accidentally stumbled upon infrared radiation, and thus, proved that there was more than meets the eye in the spectrum aside from visible light.

- He discovered the soon-to-be famous X-rays in his experiments in Germany.

- He was a British Physician who put to rest the argument of whether light was a wave or a particle by discovering wavelike interference in his studies.

- Austrian physicist who also made famous the “Doppler effect” by expounding on the colour of binary stars.

- They were able to measure the speed of light and concluded that light travelled faster in air than in water.

- British meteorologist who focused on the potential use of atomic weights for veteran chemists.

seemed at first to be deeply embedded in everyday life and common sense: People did not feel any movement of the pavement on

which they stood, and at the outset, there seemed to be no observational evidence that the planet was moving either.

To go around these complications, Greek astronomers introduced the new

idea of epicycles or __________ around which the planets circled as the

central ___________ points that were carried around the sun.

The new science of positional astronomy—calculating the positions of heavenly bodies—reached its zenith in Spain, which had become a dynamic and evolving center of Islamic, Jewish, and Christian thoughts.