Studied by 4 peopleprevocalic
any consonant sound before the first vowel sound
postvocalic
any consonant sound after the last consonant sound
intervocalic
any consonant sound in between the first and last vowel sounds
innervation, respiration, phonation, resonation, articulation
5 processes of communication
cns - brain and spinal cord
pns - cranial/spinal nerves, autonomic nervous system
structures of innervation
frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital
lobes of the brain
corpus collossum
divides the hemispheres of the cerebrum
oral cavity, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs, diaphragm
structures of respiration
larynx
the only structure of phonation
prevents substances from entering the trachea, aids in coughing, builds subglottic pressure, aids in speech production
4 purposes of the larynx
vocal folds come together
the adducted folds build up pressure in trachea
the folds are forced apart, air escapes and sound is created
these steps occur over and over because the folds are elastic
how does phonation occur
pharynx, oral cavity, nasal cavity, larynx
structures of resonation
resonation
what is defined as the process of reinforcement and amplification of sound, selection and emphasis of groups of overtones, and the enrichment of sound
tongue, teeth, lips, alveolar ridge, hard palate, soft palate, mandible, glottis
structures of articulation
change the size/shape of the mouth for resonating vowels and produce consonants
what are the articulators used to do
phonology
the sound system of a language, consists of consonants and vowels
a vowel sound alone or a vowel sound that precede or follow it
a syllable can be…
nucleus
the vowel is considered the ___ of the syllable
phone
speech sound
phoneme
a sound in a word that can differentiate meaning
minimal pairs
2 words that differ by one phoneme like cat and hat
allophones
variations in which a phoneme may be produced without changing meaning
phonotactic constraints
rules for allowable combinations of sounds in a language
dialect
varity of a language that is shared by a group of speakers
accent
specific way individuals pronounce words based on a national or regional tendency
idiolect
unique characteristics of an individual’s speech created by their anatomy as well as personal experiences with language
open, closed, simple, complex
types of syllables
open syllable
syllable that ends with a vowel sound
closed syllable
syllable that ends with a consonant sound
simple syllable
syllable that contains no consonants or only singleton consonants
complex syllable
syllable that contains at least one consonant sequence
onset
consonant in a syllable that comes before the nucleus
coda
consonant in a syllable that comes after the nucleus
phonation - the production of a sound
resonation - the reinforcement and amplification of a sound
phonation v. respiration
i
goes “ee”
I
goes “ih”
e
goes “ay”
ɛ
goes “eh”
æ
goes “ah”
u
goes “oo”
ʊ
goes “uh” like in hook, would, looked
o
goes “oh”
a
goes “ah” like bond, tops, knocks
ɔ
goes “ah” like all, lost, pawn
ʌ
“uh” stressed
ə
“uh” unstressed
ɝ
“er” stressed
ɚ
“er” unstressed
aɪ
“eye” sound
aʊ
“cow” sound
ɔɪ
“toy” sound
ɑɚ
“are” sound
ɪɚ
“ear” sound
ɛɚ
“air” sound
ɔɚ
“or” sound
ʊɚ
“ure” sound
Note
Flashcard