Section A- New and emerging technologies (3.1.1)

enables repetitive tasks to be performed by mechanised assembly lines rather than by human - it helps meet increased demands for products

can be controlled to automatically perform a series of complex movements - they can be used to substitute humans in hazardous/harmful environments

is the use of small amounts of capital from many individuals to finance a new business venture

includes the use of social media, websites, email, and digital marketing to reach a wider audience and client base in order to promote a product, service or idea

is about better prices, decent working conditions and fair terms of trade for farmers and workers in less economically developed countries

is an enterprise that is commonly owned and run by its members who may comprise its workforce or its customers - have a stronger democratic voice

are in limited in supply and are being used more quickly than can be replaced e.g. fossil fuels

are in abundant supply and are unlikely ever to be exhausted e.g. solar and wind energy

is a way for companies to assess the environmental impact of a product during the different stages of a product's life

1. extraction and processing

2. manufacturing and production

3. distribution

4. use

5. end of life

introduces harmful materials into the environment

when new technology becomes available, designers will utilise it to make a product before the market is aware of it

when the market needs a product, designers will make something to meet that demand.

methods to improve efficiency and productivity are adopted by businesses to reduce costs, energy usage and impact on the environment.

many manufacturers make small but continuous improvements to their processes and workflow

An increase in the average temperature of the earth's atmosphere (especially a sustained increase that causes climatic changes)

manufacturers use this method to respond to customer demand - by closely monitoring stock, products can be reordered as needed

focuses on minimising waste and improving efficiency, which is in turn cost saving and reduces the use of resources

Computer Aided Design

Computer Aided Manufacture

a deliberate strategy to ensure that a current version of a product will become out of date or worn out within a given time frame

gas, coal, oil

a - cheap and reliable energy source

d - contain high amounts of carbon - global warming

a - accurate

d - expensive

wind power, tidal power, solar panels, biomass energy, hydroelectric power

titanium, graphene, metal foam, liquid crystal display, coated metals, nanomaterials

Methods to improve efficiency and productivity. Done to reduce costs. e.g. invest in training staff and improving work practices, reducing waste and automation.

Technology in work place leads to continual change. But it often leads to reduction of manual labour. The workforce can be retrained for new positions with new technologies, often making them more skilled.

An amalgamation of the ideas, beliefs, customs and social behaviours of a society or group of people.

They come and go. The design market is influenced by the 'latest thing' . When a new product is endorsed it can recieve very rapid customer response.

A designer must be responsible for considering the wider implications of a new product within different faiths and community and also while meeting the needs of different groups of society.

Products are often designed for the average person. However, it is important that a product can be used by as many people as possible e.g. elderly and disabled.

is a method of production designed to easily adapt to change in the quantity or type of product being manufactured (for batch production) e.g. by having a good production plan or managing their stock inventory.

• Products are made to order.

• Stock doesn't become old or out of date.

• More factory space can be utilised for other activites.

• Materials and components are ordered as needed- controlling cash flow.

• The supply chain must be reliable and fast.

• Sales are affected by any delay or product failures.

• Costs are higher as ordering in small quantities prevents bulk order discounts.

Designers should see how their product will affect the environment with a LSA.

• Promote reuse and minimise waste from their electrical equipment.

• Ensure waste products are recycled correctly and meet recovery targets.

• Design products by reducing material use and enhancing reusability and recyclability.

Designs should include end-of-life recycling and takeback programmes as part of their planning.

This enables wore out/ broken parts to be replaces. Repairing is positive for the envrionment as it saves the whole product from being thrown away. It also creates jobs for spare parts.

The design process is continually being assessed to address the selection of materials so that at the end of its life a product can be disassembled and components and materials recycled or reused.