Chapter 17: The Microorganisms Viruses, Bacteria, and Protists

________: Bacteriophages, which are viruses that infect bacteria, can carry portions of bacterial DNA from one cell to another.

________ is the most widely known ciliate and is commonly used for research and teaching.

________ and genetic engineering can transfer disease- resistant genes between plants.

________ is the biological cleanup of an environment that contains harmful chemicals called pollutants.

________ is a virus that may change its mode of transmission from contact to airborne, which could increase the number of people exposed to bird flu.

________ are another type of Amoebozoa and are chemoheterotrophs.

________ allow a pathogen to bind to certain cells, determining which organs or cells of the body will be its host.

________ are marine organisms that produce a hard external shell called a test.

________ are known for causing red tides and produce a potent toxin that accumulates in shellfish.

________ are resistant to avian influenza viruses that can spread from them to chickens.

________ are marine organisms that produce intricate mineral- rich outer shells, and some form symbiotic relationships with algae.

________ are single- celled and encrusted in silica "petri dishes ..

________ are photosynthetic, protozoans are heterotrophic by ingestion, and water molds and slime molds are heterotrophic by absorption.

________ occurs when one population modifies the environment for the benefit of another.

The ________ involves the infected bacterium not immediately producing phages.

________ showed in 1850 that previously sterilized broth can not become cloudy with growth unless it is exposed directly to the air where bacteria are abundant.

________ can live in our intestines because E. coli uses up oxygen.

________ does not occur in prokaryotes.

________ have two flagella, one of which is typically much longer than the other and projects out of the anterior, vase- shaped invagination.

________ need to attach to a specific molecule called a receptor on the host cell's outer surface to infect it.

________ is a coronavirus that causes respiratory problems like shortness of breath, coughing, and fever.

________ occurs within a food vacuole.

When transcribed, ________ are produced through biosynthesis, maturation, and release.

________ are a diverse group of protists that include photosynthetic algae and diatoms.

________ are protists that move by pseudopods.

________ that cause disease are called pathogens.

________ are found in anaerobic environments such as swamps, marshes, and animal intestines.

________ are being used to discover the extent of bacterial diversity.

The ________ is supported by the presence of double membranes around mitochondria and chloroplasts.

A(n) ________ is a virus that reproduces in a bacterium.

________ are shaped like slippers.

________ can produce toxins, adhere to surfaces, and invade organs or cells.

________ reduce sulfur to sulfides and grow best at temperatures above 80°C and pH 1 to 2.

Green algae are most closely related to plants and have three common species: Chlamydomonas, colonial Volvox, and ________.

The virus uses the host's enzymes, ribosomes, ________ RNA (tRNA), and ATP to reproduce itself.

Traditionally, protists were classified based on their ________ and nutrients.

________ are more metabolically diverse than eukaryotes.

________ appear closely related to certain bacteria, and chloroplasts are most closely related to cyanobacteria.

________ are an example of photosynthetic bacteria and may represent the oldest lineage of oxygenic organisms.

________ is one of the three means of genetic recombination in bacteria.

Bacteria are being exploited to break down almost any substance, including sewage, ________, herbicides, detergents, and plastics.

The beating of the flagellum creates a water current that flows through the collar, where food particles are taken in by ________.

Bacteria are the most diverse and ________ on Earth.

A __________ is a virus that infects bacteria.

Another name for bacteriophage is __________.

The __________ is a type of bacteriophage life cycle in which the virus replicates and destroys the host cell.

__________ are viruses that reverse transcribe their RNA genome into DNA.

A __________ is a virus that has recently appeared in a population or has increased in incidence or severity.

__________ are plant pathogens that are smaller than viruses and do not have a capsid.

__________ are single-celled organisms that do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.

__________ are a type of prokaryote.

The __________ is the region of a prokaryotic cell that contains the genetic material.

__________ are small, circular DNA molecules that can replicate independently of the bacterial chromosome.

__________ are whip-like structures that help bacteria move.

__________ is a process by which bacteria can acquire new genetic material from the environment.

__________ is a process by which bacteria can acquire new genetic material from other bacteria.

__________ are dormant, thick-walled structures that can help bacteria survive harsh conditions.

__________ are organisms that can synthesize their own food using sunlight.

__________ are a type of photoautotroph that are also able to fix nitrogen.

__________ are organisms that can synthesize their own food using inorganic chemicals.

__________ are organisms that break down dead organic matter.

__________ relationships are those in which two organisms live together in a mutually beneficial way.

__________ is the use of living organisms to clean up environmental pollution.

__________ are organisms that can cause disease.

__________ are archaea that produce methane as a waste product.

__________ are organisms that can live in salty environments.

__________ are organisms that can live in hot, acidic environments.

__________ are a diverse group of eukaryotic organisms that do not fit into any other kingdom.

A __________ is a grouping of related protist phyla.