Oral Communication Chapter 5& 13

behaviors and characteristics that convey meaning without use of words accompany verbal messages

1. present in most convos

2. often conveys more info than verbal

3. believed over verbal communication

4. primary means of expression emotion

5. meta communities

6. serves multiple function

with the use of facial expressions, tone of voice, dress/smell, emails, emojis, telephone

With the use of emotions

Nonverbal is harder to control therefore it tells what a person is truly thinking

Through vocal behavior and facial expression

Using nonverbal symbols to talk about communication (example using nonverbal cues to indicate a message is a secret)

• it helps manage conversation

• maintain relationships by showing immediacy behaviors

• forms impressions

• helps to influence others -conceals info

1. Face displays

2. Eye behaviors

3. Movements and Gestures

4. Touch Behaviors

5. USe of time

6. Vocal behaviors

7. Use of smell

8. Use of space

9. Physical appearance

10. use of artifacts

Communicates most info identity, attractiveness (symmetry and proportion), emotion (nonmatual signals, ASL)

eye contact Pupil size: Dilate means physical attraction, arousal, pos/neg response

Gait (way you walk) gestures: use of arms and hands to communicate Emblems ( gestures with direct verbal translation Illustrators ( gestures go along with verbal message for clairy) affect displays (communicate emotion) regulators ( controls flow of convo) adaptors (satisfy personal needs )

first of five sense developed and can't live without

1. Affectionate : contributes to physical emotion and well being

2. caregiving: when receiving form of care/service

3. power and control: exert behavior over others

4. aggression: inflict harm

5. ritualistic : part of custom/tradition

paralanguage : voice cues that go along with behaviors

• pitch, variation, volume, rate, filler words, pronunciation, articulation, accent, silence

1. memory

2. sexual attraction

proxemics: each have preferred personal space intimate distance to personal to socal to public

halo effect : person looks good then they are good ( increase self esteem, and eating disorder)

how much power and value we give to others

objects and visual features with an environment that reflects who we are and what we like

• emblems, displays, personal distance, eye contact, facial displays of emotion, greeting, time orientation, touch vocals.

Space, Greeting, expressions,

Why: Through early childhood conditioning, anatomica, physiological differences How: emotional expressiveness, vocalics, touch appearance

1. Being sensitive to nonverbal messages

• mindful awareness, taking note before interpreting (facial expression and body movement)

2. decipher meaning

• taking the meaning that was intended

1. Work on self awareness

2. learn from others

3. practice being expressive

4. pay attention to others

1. impromptu

2. extemporaneous

3. script

4. memorized

deliver on the spot, little to no prep

prepare to sound as though its being delivered spontaneously

• talking with listeners inside of formally addressing them

word for word on manuscript, read exact as written

• ensure you know what you're saying, time consuming, manipulating manuscript

composed word for word then delivered from mem

• time consuming, overly formal, speakers mem may fail

1. recognize its a common form of stress

2. don't like it be debilitating

3. making it an advantage

Psychological

• anxiety & anticipating anxiety: worry when looking ahead (decreases as prep starts) Physical effects

• flight or fight, increase heart rate/ blood pressure/stress Behavioral Effects

• voice, mouth, throat, facial expression, general movement, verbal behav

can immobilize, mind goes blank = unable to deliver speech and wanting to escape

1. accepting public speaking anxiety as normal

2. focus neg energy

3. visualize success performance

4. desensitize

5. practice in virtual reality

6. stay pos

Visual/ vocal elements cultural norms

facial expression (change throughout) Eye contact (look at sections/ people at a time) posture ( face audience, good posture, enough room to move around) gestures (spontaneous, appropriate in # and size) personal appearance ( appropriate for audience/ occasion)

rate volume pitch articulation [ unness sounds in words (addition), reversing sounds (transpositions), deletion] fluency

• some cultures may prefer a certain/ different delivery style and speak content.

anything use in conjunction with speech or presentation to stimulate listeners senses

improves attention, learning and recall

objects, flavors, texture/orders, handouts, people

text slide graphic slides ( tables, charts, graphs) video and audio

remember the goal it's only to aid consider context ( size, time, resources) make it simple/ethical practice and have backups