Unit 5: Momentum

Momentum is the degree of an object's opposition to a modification in motion. It is a vector quantity, indicating it has both size and direction. The momentum formula is p = mv, where p is momentum, m is mass, and v is velocity. This unit accounts for 12-18% of the exam weight.

The formula for momentum is p = mv, where p is momentum, m is mass, and v is velocity.

Impulse is the change in momentum of an object over a given time period. It is the product of the force applied to an object and the time over which the force is applied.

The unit of impulse is Ns (newton-second).

The formula for impulse is J = FΔt, where J is impulse, F is the force applied, and Δt is the time interval over which the force is applied.

Momentum is conserved in a closed system, meaning the total momentum of the system before a collision is equal to the total momentum after the collision.

According to the law of conservation of linear momentum, the total momentum of a system of objects remains constant if no external forces act on the system.

The three types of collisions are elastic collisions, inelastic collisions, and perfectly inelastic collisions.

In an elastic collision, the total kinetic energy of the system is conserved. This means that the objects bounce off each other without losing any energy.

In an inelastic collision, the total kinetic energy of the system is not conserved. This means that the objects stick together after the collision and some energy is lost as heat or sound.

In a perfectly inelastic collision, the objects stick together and travel in the same direction.

The unit of momentum is kg m/s.

The unit of force is newtons (N).

The coefficient of restitution is the ratio of the final velocity to the initial velocity of an object after a collision.

The formula for coefficient of restitution is e = (v2 - v1) / (u1 - u2), where e is the coefficient of restitution, v1 and v2 are the final velocities of the objects, and u1 and u2 are the initial velocities of the objects.

Impulse is the change in momentum of an object over a given time period.

The formula for conservation of linear momentum is total Pinital = total Pfinal.

The area under a force-time graph is equal to im

p = mv (where p is momentum, m is mass, and v is velocity)