AP Euro Chapter 2 Study Set

The idea that humans can reason and better themselves (through Christianity of course)

Man that embraced the idea that humans can improve themselves and that all Christian information should come from the Bible

The buying/selling of privileges (like...oh, I don't know...get to heaven tickets)

A person hoarding more than one church office at a time

Giving your best bud (or your family members) church offices just because you guys are best buds

You have a church position, but you don't want to actually do it, so you hire a random guy on the streets to do your job

The Latin Bible. Peasants couldn't really read it.

Literature in a language that people actually speak in

Monk that was Catholic, then realized how corrupted the church was, became not Catholic, created Lutheranism, and triggered just about everybody in some way

The trial-like thing that called Luther in to question his not-Christian beliefs in his note (that may or may not have been nailed to the door)

You go to heaven if you are Christian and believe in God. Congrats.

Only the Bible is real and can say what you can do

As a Catholic, you are in charge of your belief. No Pope necessary

They are the Protestant Nobles that Luther sucked up to

The protestant belief created by Luther under the three main ideas of Sola Fide, Sola Scriptura, and Priesthood of all believers.

Peasants can FINALLY read the Bible, and now they think that their lords should give the lands to them so that they can be equal

Man rejected not only the Catholic Church, but ALSO Luther, only because he believed that the holy bread is just bread

The Catholic idea that when the "holy bread" is consumed, then it physically becomes Christ within your body

Luther's idea that the "holy bread" is both Jesus and bread at the same time

The part in the Bible where Jesus hands out bread and wine, stating that they are his body and blood. This caused a lot of controversy within this time period.

Man that is convinced by Luther that the Pope is indeed fake, but decides that Luther is being irrational and creates his own religion

God has already chosen whether or not one goes to heaven

Constant work to get to church. No fun = no drinking, no singing, probably no laughing

The broad one. He was the guy that decided to split from the Pope because he wanted to get divorced

Act that was past by Parliament, stating that the Head of England is also Head of the religion

The sick child that took the throne after his father's death. He didn't last long (he had an advisor that whispered into his ear oh so quietly to kill the protestants)

The book on Anglican beliefs

The new Protestant church of England. Basically just Catholicism without the Pope

The Queen of England that told the entire country to go back to Catholicism (spoiler: it didn't really work)

Mary's half-sister who told the entire country to switch back to Protestantism

Belief where adults (who actually have a choice) should get baptized (also polygamy)

Anabaptists wanted to create their own government in the city of Munster. They were smothered.

Religious innovation + Spread of Catholicism to new lands + Reform of Church Abuses = Catholic church gets better

The guy who started the Jesuits (Strengthening the Papacy and Missionary Activity)

Group of people who focused on missionary work to combat the Protestant Reformation

The Female One who happened to write poems (Inspiration for religious seekers and other females)

The special way of saying the Catholic Reformation (But focus on Countering the Protestants instead of bettering the Catholic Church)

Resolved abuses from the Church. Pope is still a thing. Also Bread is Jesus. Official.

The alliance of northern germany. They don't want taxes. They don't like pope. Alliance to protect one another

Schmalkaldic League vs Charles V where the Emperor goes to beat up the league but can't because of those TuRkS

Legal religious toleration between Christians (whoever's reign, their religion) = peace for 70 ish years (Habsburgs are now pissed)

French Protestants. French, and want to exist.

suppressor of Protestants. Also, the french king. Persevered during the war against the Habsburgs and tried to suppress the Reformation.

also the Duc de Conde. Leader of the Protestants. Tried to capture the kid king Francis II (the child of king lance-to-the-face) and was sentenced to death. But escaped. WAR

Queen of France (wife of Henry II). Ordered the death of all protestants

Was supposed to be married to resolve conflict between Protestants and Medicis, but that didn't happen since the St. Bartholomew's day Massacre. Later converts to Catholicism + King of France + Ends War with Protestants

Where Protestant guy was supposed to be married off to settle the feud between protestants and Medicis, but didn't happen because Duc de Conde was unalived.

The merging of the Royalists and EXTREME catholics. Arms peasants and church guys (clergy) with weapons

The group that went against the Catholic League. (Chill catholics and Huguenots band together)

The Act that installed legal tolerance for Protestants (yay)

The Mopey Monarch. Super religious. Didn't have a military-focused ideology (basically sat at his desk doing paperwork the entire day). Main goal was to crush the protestants. Poor guy lost 2/3 battles :(

The beginning of the end. Spain loses their powerful navy after the Spanish Armada incident in 1588. Oops

Philip II's first war. Ottoman Turks vs Spain. He won :) and now the Turks aren't going to take over the world.

England vs Spain. Spain labelled their ship as the "invincible armada," even though they ended up retreating, then sinking, then losing their entire navy.

The Netherlands were interested in Calvinism. Spain got mad and went on a rampage. Netherlands got mad. Spain goes through Switzerland to get to the Netherlands. Also Star fortresses

Duke who went against the first part of the 80 years war. He did pretty good, as he defeated the Dutch repeatedly

King of England, Scotland, and Ireland. Invited by Protestant nobles to take over England. James II fled the scene and William became King.

Temporary truce between Spain and the Netherlands during the 80 years war.

Holy Roman Emperor that decided to stamp out the Protestants in Bohemia. He sends his boys, which infuriates the local nobles.

King of France during the 30 years war and his advisor. On the side of the Protestants during the war.

The meeting that was called in 1618 to help settle the increasing flames over the Protestants. However, a mob of Protestants throw 3 Austrian (Catholic) officials out the window and declare themselves separate from Austria. War.

Battle fought near Prague. One of the first victories by the Habsburgers over the Protestants.

Supported the German princes over the Catholic emperor. Overall, delayed the emergence of a unified Germany.

Ended the 30 years war. Officially recognized the the sovereignty of states. Yeah, so they are kinda cool with everything now.

British social class of landowners, who didn't have to use their hands and dig dirt with sticks. The beginning of the middle class.

French Nobles who become nobles through their not-peasant status. Instead of being a noble through your noble relatives, these people become nobles through un-peasanting.

INFLATION HAPPENED. Prices of grain increase by like 500-600%

Farming where basically all of the crops/livestock are used by the farmer/family, which leaves incredibly little for sale or trade.

Farming where sale and trade is the entire point of farming.

Division of communal fields. Wow

Women = children and house stuff Men = work.

The activities where the entire community (small town) gets together and do stuff. Like chucking foxes as high as possible.

Catholic Church (even though the peasants didn't understand anything about being a catholic)

The period before lent where people can essentially do anything without laws. Then feel really bad about the atrocious acts they committed.

If someone did something in a village that other people in the village didn't like, they would publicly humiliate that person.

If the peasants sense change, they go against it. Typically doesn't work out, so don't try and join one of these.

Trials against witches (typically ladies in the woods)

The period of pretty cold weather. Spring either didn't come, or was really late

Artist who liked to draw peasants doing peasant activity

War between the Netherlands and the Habsburgs. The Dutch won.

Entrepot is a port city where merchandise is imported, sent, stored, etc.

Farm that specializes in producing cash crops

Labelled as the first true central bank

Bank that was created to lend funds to the English government to fight wars

where one party guarantees compensation to another party under certain conditions when premium is payed beforehand

The Dutch found this first. Basically a market where securities are bought and sold.

Basically a policy held in France and England where profitable trading is the center. Something to bring those Dutch people down

Related to mercantilism. An area that is under complete control by a more powerful country.

Or the Transatlantic Slave Trade. A trade between Africa, Europe, and the New World. Slaves are sent to the Americas by Africa. Raw materials are sent to Europe by the Americas. Europe makes items out of the raw materials.

Two large trading companies. had expansive powers that allowed them to conduct warfare, trade, seize territory. They weren't really real countries per-say...more like...imaginary areas of power.