Cell organelles and their functions

the basic unit of a living organism composed of organelles suspended in a cytoplasm with a cell membrane surrounding it

contains chromosomes and nucleolus. chromosomes are made up of DNA, which contains genes and controls the synthesis of proteins

dense body within the nucleolus where ribosomes are synthesised

made of two membranes perforated by pores that allow mRNA to pass through

two membranes, the inner one is folded to form the cristae- site of the later stages of aerobic respiration

the site of protein synthesis

system of interconnected membrane-bound sacs with attatched ribosomes. polypeptide chains formed on these ribosomes pass through the rough ER and assume secondary or tertiary structure

flat membrane-bound sacs involved in modifying proteins and packaging them into vesicles for transport

sacs containing digestive enzyme that carry out the breakdown of unwanted substances in the cell

hollow cylinders made of protein microtubules, involved in formation of the spindle during nuclear division

phospholipid bilayer containing proteins, is responsible for entry and exit of substances in and out of a cell and is the site of cell communication via receptors

site of photosynthesis

stores starch

membrane surrounding the vacuole that seperates its contents from that of the cytoplasm

channels between plant cells that allow the transfer of substances between adjacent cells

provides support and mechanical strength- made of cellulose

maintains cell structure and acts as a temporary energy store

infolding of cell surface membrane- suspected site of respiration

small circle of DNA

slimy layer on surface for protections and to prevent dehydration

thin protein tubes that allow the bacteria to adhere to surfaces

made of peptidoglycan- can be gram positive (no outer membrane nor periplasmic space and suseptable to peniciillin) or gram negative (thinner peptidoglycan wall, contains outer membrane, periplasmic space, murein proteins and exotoxins that block antibiotics)

hollow cylindrical thread-like structure that rotates to move the cell

contains genes that control cell activity