AP Human Geography Ultimate Guide

A(n) ________ and range survey system based upon lines of latitude and longitude.

________ and the level of urban economic exchange could be analyzed using central places within hexagonal market areas, which overlapped at different scales.

________ have a narrow frontage along a road or waterway with a very long lot shape behind.

formal, functional, and vernacular

A specific point on earth with human and physical characteristics that distinguish it from other places

the succession of groups and cultural influences throughout a place’s history

the level of aggregation, or in other words, the level at which you group things together for examination

areas of space that possess some homogeneous characteristic or uniformity

areas that have a central place, or node, that is a focus or point of origin

An area that people believe exist as part of their cultural identity

a point or place on the map using coordinates such as latitude and longitude

the location of a place compared to a known place or geographic feature

the physical characteristics of a place

the place’s interrelatedness with other places

the farther away different places are from a place of origin, the less likely interaction will be with the original place

movement incurs some form of cost, in the form of physical effort, energy, time; costs are proportional to the distance traveled

refers to the set of processes (new tech, communication) that cause the relative distances between places to grow smaller.

dominant capitalist countries that exploit smaller countries for labor and raw materials; smaller countries are dependent on dominant country for capital and have underdeveloped industry.

things are grouped together on the Earth’s surface

objects that are normally ordered but appear dispersed

straight line

wavy line

the cognitive image of landscape in the human mind

Zoomed in map; more detail

Zoomed out map; less detail

Show data; thematic map displays spatial patterns and relationships between them (choropleth maps)

system that incorporates one or more data layers in a computer program capable of spatial analysis and mapping

system that utilizes a worldwide network of satellites, which emit a measurable radio signal; shows exactly where you are

boundaries are finite and well-defined (country)

the mathematical analysis of one or more quantitative geographic patterns

a thematic map that expresses the geographic variability of a particular theme using color variations

calculates data values between points across a variable surface (color blending)

uses dots to express the volume and density of a particular geographic feature

uses lines of varying thickness to show the direction and volume of a particular geographic movement pattern

distorts size based on value of variable

creates different levels of accuracy in terms of size and shape distortion for different parts of the Earth

Most used map projection with curved edges, distorts all parts of globe, not useful for navigation.

images of the Earth from an aircraft, printed on film, but digital camera usage is on the increase

use a computerized scanner from satellitesGloba to record data from the Earth’s surface (remote areas)

map projection that cuts out pieces of world, keeps accurate size, not useful for navigation.

map projection that distorts poles of the globe, map of Europe looks more powerful

Direction that can be described as a position (left)

Direction that can be measured with standard units of length

Map that shows geographical data, oceans, cities, borders, roads, ect

The placement of objects on Earth’s surface and the space between the objects

how trade and technology have made the world into a more connected and interdependent place.

dependent on one another in some way

The study of interactions between societies and their local environments

theory that environment causes social development or the idea that natural environment influences people

theory that people can adjust or overcome an environment.

city, town county, neighborhood

Smaller parts of a nation (states, provinces)

Comparing Countries

Comparing Regions (North America ect)

Comparing whole globe, usually no borders

________ are always on the left of the pyramid and females are on the right.

Birth and ________ converge to result in limited population growth and population decline.

________ means the population has shrunk.

The ________ is directly followed by a stabilization of population growth as the procreation rates decline.

rate of natural increase (RNI) and the demographic equation

rural agricultural Third-World countries

urbanized industrial and service-based economies

total number of infants born living is counted for one calendar year and then calculated

Number of Live Births/Total Population x 1,000

a country that is experiencing war, disease, or famine, such as poor Third-World countries experiencing poverty, poor nutrition, epidemic disease, and a lack of medical care

(increased food and nutrition) and access to sanitation, education, and health care

Number of Deaths/Total Population x 1,000

when the majority of women are heavily engaged in business, they are far less likely to have children

a country with a high rate of natural increase can have an unexpectedly low long-term population prediction if there is a large amount of emigration

how long it would take for a country to double in size

70Rate of Natural Increase

(Pop

the number of immigrants minus the number of emigrants for every thousand members of the population; can be negative

Death Rate) + Net Migration Rate/10%

Number of Children Born/Women Aged 15 to 45

we can estimate a population projection that the planets population has reached only about two-thirds of its potential

an animal population that receives a vast amount of food or removes predators from their habitat will result rapid population growth followed by a plateau or decline due to a population reaching or exceeding the areas carrying capacity

little population growth until the later part of stage one when death rates begin to decline; RNI is generally low or negative

in the United States, services are 80 percent of the gross domestic product (GDP) and manufacturing is only 20 percent

birth rates reach the same level as death rates

those who move from one region of the country to another

occurs when migrants move from one country to another

people may be taken or coerced from their homes for forced labor through human trafficking or enslavement

people who come seeking refuge or employment opportunities but do not have government authorization

allow undocumented immigrants the opportunity to apply for official status or citizenship without facing arrest or deportation

occurs when people move up in a hierarchy of locations, with each move to a more advantageous or economically prosperous place

occurs when a pioneering individual or group settles in a new place, establishing a new migrant foothold

when people move because of major changes in the course of their lives**

the crude birth rate (CBR) and an annual statistic

Number of Live Births/Total Population x 1,000

the crude death rate (CDR) and an annual statistic calculated in the same way as the birth rate

increased food and nutrition and access to sanitation, education, and health care

Number of Deaths/Total Population x 1,000

the annual percentage of population growth of that country for that one-year period

population shrinkage

when the majority of women are heavily engaged in business, they are far less likely to have children

how long it would take for a country to double in size

the number of immigrants minus the number of emigrants for every thousand members of the population; can be negative

the estimated average number of children born to each female of birthing age (15 to 45)