History Semester 1 Final

-Farming using plows pulled by animals→more productive farming→surplus

-Dominated by men b/c men=animals experts led to patriarchy

-Women out of farming and into domestic tasks

Dominant narrative that is made from one perspective that is false

Euro-centrism

Christopher Columbus

The ways in which African animals are portrayed with more individuality than its people

Any source created by a historian after the event occurred.

Could create bias if the primary sources they studied had bias

Sources made at that period of time where the event occurred

could be biased if the person that witnessed it was biased.

widly accepted narrative about anything

Typically created by people in power

usually not true

Dominant narrative created by Europeans

for example Mercator maps

There was no strict hierarchy among human beings and non-human entities

HGs incorporated ways to reduce self-promotion (for example, insulting the hunter after a large kill) and encourage sharing.

 Because of their probable role in the string revolution, women likely enjoyed high status in HG societies

HG bands that shared their food resources had a better chance of survival by avoiding competition, overexploitation and ownership disputes

Happened slowly through small changes over generations

People thought it was gonna be easier than killing animals but it was harder

Forager became farmers

agricultural societies caused child mortality to soar

More food → more children/hands→ more children is diseases-ridden settlemetnts→ more child deaths

More births than deaths

People or an equal society

Ex. Hunter-gatherers were egalitarians

Advancement in human thinking, language, and decsion making

HG’S became smarter

Humans started collaborating

The domestication in animals and plants for HG’s that made work easier and made food easier

Led to plow agriculture

An unnecessary amount of food for society
In order for societies to develop specialization, they typically must first achieve

a political elite controlling the surplus produced by others and taxing them

Led to specializationn

Because of surplus, not everyone needed to be a farmer

People would focus on other jobs such as trading items

led to generational wealth because people would leave tools and animals for their kids

The idea that men>women

Sprouted from plow agriculture because men provided food

Carried over to the government.

Basically government that has ranks from high power to low power

The main part of the Urban Revolution

Related to cultivation in plants

Typically women specialized in this

Farming plants

Adopted Christian religion

Had legalism

Had strong core and periphery

good infrastructure like roads and buildings

lasted long time

eventually split up

Roman Peace or a state of relaxation for the empire such as no wars with other states

Initially Rome were opposed to it but eventually adopted it

Main religion in Rome

Used Confucianism which is the idea that everyone is good, through virtue and by example

in their periphery they did not impose Confucian beliefs on the people

Everyone is good, through virtue and by example

Used by Han

Basically a triangle that ranks people in the empire

Emperor

Government officials

Merchants

Average citizens

peasants

slaves

Roads, Bridges, buildings, temples

Strong point of Rome

The center of the empire that is usually where the most important stuff happens

needs to be controlled well

The outskirts of the empire,

Han established garrisons and didn’t improved Confucian belief on their periphery

Rome imposed legalistic beliefs on their periphery

Women in han were viewed as equal, they could get education

Women in Rome were still citizens but didn’t have as many rights men such as voting and laws about their kids

An imagined order is something humanity believes to be real even if one can not physically see it. They create trust between people because if one believes it the next one will too. The three imagined orders were empires, money, and religion.

Islamic Empire

Made advancements in math, science, medicine

Created linguistic unity

Spread Islam

Period of relative peace and stability in the Islamic world from the 8th to the 13th century. It was characterized by cultural flourishing, trade expansion, and scientific advancements.(Kai)

Made by muhhamed

Follow the Koran

Main religion in Abbasid caliphate

Being Muslim brought benefit

Egalitarian religion

Spread linguistic unity

Disease that wiped almost half of the OWS

Pros are it brought more land since many people died

Spread by Mongols and silk road

Halted trade

Biggest empire,

Supported paper money making it global

Increased global trade

Killed many in cold blood especially on silk road

Welcomed foreigners into their land

Linked Europe and Asia

Period of peace and stability across Eurasia during the 13th and 14th centuries under Mongol rule. It facilitated trade, cultural exchange, and the spread of ideas along the Silk Road. (AI)

Largest Trade network that connected the OWS

Reached from Asia to Europe to africa

Exchange of Ideas, services and goods occurred

An important port for trading

connected Indian ocean trade with Africa

traded luxury goods

was the reason sea trade became popular

became rich from Indian Ocean trade

Connected trade through Asia, Islamic world and Africa

changed the way merchants traded

Traded all kinds goods through out the world

Followed Islam

Main source of gold for the OWS

Controlled all trade in west Africa

welcomed non-muslims into their land

strong school system

Muslim who Made a pilgrimage to mecca and gave away a lot of gold. So much gold that the value plummeted to 25%

An explorer who traveled 73000 miles but still stayed in the Muslim world

Shows how large the Muslim world was

Changed curency for the OWS

Initially made in tang and song dynasty(coat idea)

Made trade much easier because one didn’t have to lug around heavy copper coins

More sleek and lighter

Caused trust and unity throughout the OWS

Created printing

Strong agriculture

Invented paper money

promoted worldly culture

traded with silk road

Invaded Jerusalem

initially caused division among the three main religions

Ultimately boosted economy and trade routes across europe

created stability between jews and christians

Owned machu pichu

good architecture

very good engineering and road system

lived in peru and chile

from 250-900 bce

had good agriculture

lived in Guatemala

had writing

developed a calendar system

accomplished builders

good astronomy and math

abandoned their cities

Lived in mexico

good agriculture

used chimpanas

had a developed bureaucracy

had religious practices for god

had restaurants

Chinese people realized that paper worked not because it was backed by physical value but because everyone complied that paper could be money(Goldstein 52)

-explain how everyone complying that paper could be money shows how it creates trust between people

-paper money was universal so everyone used it which connected people from far distances

-explain how paper money boosted trade unifying even more

When archaeologists were excavating in 2018 Peru, they found, An archeologist found a hunting kit with tools that most likely meant women hunted(doc 2)

-explain how both genders’ hunting was the first step to equality and unity

-explain how there can’t be unity if genders are unequal

-Elaborate on how if people are equal it can disrupt unity