MILESTONES IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT

flexor tone predominates

in prone, turns head to side

automatic reflex walking

rounded spine when held sitting

hands fisted

grasp reflex

state-dependent ability to fix & follow bright object

habituation & some control of state

head midline

head held when pulled to sit

in prone lifts head to 90° and lifts chest slightly

turns to supine

hands mostly open

midline hand play

crude palmar grasp

recognizes bottle

maintains sitting, may lean on arms

rolls to prone

bears all weight; bounces when held erect

Cervical lordosis

intermediate grasp

transfers cube from hand to hand

bangs objects

differentiates between familiar person and stranger

holds bottle

looks for dropped object

“Talks” to mirror image

creeps on all 4s

pivots in sitting

stands momentarily

cruises

slight bow leg

increased lumbar lordosis; acute lumbosacral angulation

pincer grasp

mature thumb to index grasp

bangs two cubes heled in hands

plays peek-a-boo

finger feeds

chews with rotary movement

walks alone, arms in high guard or midguard

wide base, excessive knee & hip flexion

foot contact on entire sole

slight valgus of knees & feet

pelvic tilt & rotation

piles two cubes

scribbles spontaneously

holds crayon full length in palm

casts objects

uses spoon with overpronation & spilling

removes a garment

arms at low guard

mature supporting base & heel strike

Seats self in chair

Walks backward

emerging hand dominance

crude release

holds crayon butt end in palm

Dumps raisin from bottle spontaneously

Imitates housework

carries, hugs doll

drinks from cup neatly

begins running

walks up & down stairs alone

jumps on both feet in place

hand dominance is usual

builds eight-cube tower

aligns cubes horizontally

imitates vertical line

places pencil shaft between thumb & fingers

draws with arm and wrist action

pulls on garment

uses spoon well

opens door turning knob

feeds doll with bottle or spoon

toilet training usually begun

runs well

pedals tricycle

broad jumps

walks up stairs alternating feet

imitates three-cube bridge

copies circle

uses overhand throw with anteroposterior arm & trunk motion

catches with extended arms hugging against body

most children toilet trained day & night

pours from pitcher

unbottons; washes & dries hands & face

parallel play

can take turns

can be reasoned with

walks down stairs alternating feet

hops on one foot

plantar arches developing

sits up from supine position without rotating

holds a pencil by finger & wrist action, like adults

copies a cross

draws a frog like person with head and extremities

throws underhand

cuts with scissors

cooperative play

imaginative make-believe play