Studied by 3 peopleTemperature
Measure of average kinetic energy of particles in a substance
Heat
Transfer of energy between objects due to temperature difference
Specific Heat
Amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a substance
Conduction
Transfer of heat through direct contact between particles
Convection
Transfer of heat through the movement of fluid or gas
Radiation
Transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves
Speed
Rate at which an object covers distance
Velocity
Speed in a given direction
Acceleration
Rate of change of velocity
Formula to find speed
Speed = Distance / Time
Formula to find acceleration
Acceleration = Change in Velocity / Time
Work
Measure of energy transfer when a force is applied over a distance
Power
Rate at which work is done or energy is transferred
Absolute Zero
The lowest possible temperature, at which all molecular motion ceases
Formulas for converting between Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin
Fahrenheit to Celsius: C = (F - 32) * 5/9
Celsius to Kelvin: K = C + 273.15
Fahrenheit to Kelvin: K = (F + 459.67) * 5/9
motion
An object's change in position relative to a reference point.
frame of reference
a system for specifying the precise location of objects in space and time
Displacment
the direct change in position of an object
distance
the total distance covered
scaler
Magnitude (size or distance) alone
vector
A quantity that has magnitude and direction
speed
the distance traveled divided by the time interval during which the motion occurred
velocity
the speed of an object in a particular direction
combined velocities
determine the resultant velocity
constant speed
equal distances in equal amounts of time
instantaneous speed
the speed at a given time
acceleration
the rate at which velocity changes over time
positive acceleration
an increase in velocity
negative acceleration
deceleration
inertia
The tendency of an object to resist a change in motion
mass
A measure of the amount of matter in an object
weight
the gravitational force exerted on an object
Newtons first law
Law of Inertia
the more mass you have
the more inertia you have
Newton's second law
Force equals mass times acceleration
Gravity (unless told otherwise)
9.8
Why do objects fall to the ground when dropped?
gravity
What is the relationship between free fall acceleration and mass?
Objects fall at the same rate regardless of their mass
Formula to find momentum
p=mv
What is the total momentum after objects collide?
the same as it was before the collision
Newtons law of universal gravitation
gives the size of the gravitational force between two objects
Free fall
the MOVEMENT of a body when only the force of gravity is on the object
terminal velocity
the constant velocity of a falling object when the force of air resistance is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the force of gravity
momentum
The product of an object's mass and velocity
Formula for the law of universal gravitation
F = G m1m2/d2
Gravitation force increases as
mass increases
Gravitational force decreases as
distance increases
Newton's third law
Action and reaction forces
Newton's Law of Conservation of Momentum
For any closed mechanical system, energy and therefore, momentum are conserved. m1V1=m2V2
Mechanical Advantage
A quantity that expresses how much a machine multiplies force or distance.
MA has....
no unit!
Mechanical advantage (force)
output /input
Mechanical advantage (distance)
input /output
energy
the ability to do work
potential energy
the energy an object has because of it's position, shape, or condition.
PE=mgh
Formula for calculating gravitational potential energy
KE=1/2mv squared
formula for kinetic energy
Kinetic depends on ..... more than mass because it's squared
velocity
nonmechanical energy
energy that lies at the level of the atom
mechanical energy
the amount of work an object can do because of the object's kinetic and potential energies
kinetic energy
the energy an object has due to its motion
As potential energy decreases....
kinetic energy increases
Law of Conservation of Energy
Energy can't be created or destroyed
Efficiency
a quantity, usually expressed as a percentage, that measures the ratio of useful work output to work input
Efficiency formula
Work output/work input x 100%
Boiling point for Fahrenheit
212 degrees
Boiling point for Celsius
100 degrees
Freezing point of water in Fahrenheit
32 degrees
Freezing point of water in Celsius
0 degrees
temperature changes indicate.....
an energy transfer
conduction
The direct transfer of heat from one substance to another substance that it is touching.
convection current
a current caused by the rising of heated fluid and sinking of cooled fluid
Formula to find Specific heat
energy=mass times specific heat times change in temp
Note
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