S9 Vocabulary

The variable that is intentionally changed in an experiment

The variable that demonstrates (or doesn't demonstrate) an effect

Variables that need to be consistent for accurate results

A possible explanation to the experiment prior to the experiment

Data observed by the five senses

Data that is numerically represented

Data that can be easily categorized

Data that can be measured using the real number system

The number of species and number of different species living in an area

A measure between 0 and 1 that determines the biodiversity in an area

A group of living organisms with similar characteristics, capable of producing viable offspring

Variations for survival

A physical feature of an organism that allows them to survive in an area successfully

An inherited behaviour of an organism that allows them to survive in an area successfully

Different adult forms within a species

Different life stages within a species

Different male and female forms within a species

The process of the formation of a new species

Where an organism lives, what it eats, and how it interacts with its environment

A species with a broad niche

A species with a narrow niche

An interaction in which one organism kills another for food

An interaction in which two or more organisms compete for a resource

A long-term relationship between two organisms

A symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit

A symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and the other remains mostly unaffected

A symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits at the expense of the other's wellbeing

The act of dividing resources to avoid competition

Reproduction performed with a single parent with identical genetic material

A form of asexual reproduction where a parent cell divides itself into two identical daughter cells

A form of asexual reproduction performed with the release of unicellular cells containing the parent's genetic material

A form of asexual reproduction in which miniature forms of the plant grow from the parent as appendages, which eventually detach from the parent plant

The process where humans trim appendages from the parent plant, which is then used to grow an identical plant

The human creation of genetically identical organisms

Reproduction performed with two parents with genetic material from both parents

Sex cells

The male sex cell

The female sex cell

The result when sperm and egg meet

The result when a zygote undergoes cellular division

The male reproductive organ of a flower

The female reproductive organ of a flower

Fertilization that occurs outside the mother's body

Fertilization that occurs inside the mother's body

The direct transfer of genetic material (DNA) from one bacterial cell to another

The passing of traits from parents to offspring

Traits that are inherited solely through genes

Traits that are inherited through the outside environment

The study of heredity

Traits that are easily observable but difficult to quantify

Traits that are easily quantifiable

Genes whose phenotype will always appear regardless of what it is paired with

Genes whose phenotype will only appear when paired with another recessive gene

An organism's genetic makeup

A genotype where both alleles are dominant

A genotype where both alleles are recessive

A genotype where the two alleles are different (one dominant, one recessive)

An organism's visible traits

The ratio of the genotypes that appear in offspring

The ratio of phenotypes that appear in offspring

A chart displaying the genotypic and phenotypic ratios

A change in the genetic material

A cause for a mutation

A disease as the result of the uncontrolled division of cells

The stages of a cell’s life

The stage in the cell cycle where cells grow, replicate, and carry out their life functions

A stage in the cell cycle where cell division for somatic cells occurs

The first phase of mitosis where the cell duplicates its chromosomes and spindle fibres form

Tiny tube-like structures made of proteins

The second phase of mitosis where the duplicated chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

The third phase of mitosis where the duplicated chromosomes move towards opposite ends of the cell

A nucleolus forms around the chromosomes at the opposite ends of the dividing cell

The final stage of the cell cycle where the cell divides itself after replicating its genetic material following mitosis

The process of cell division for sex cells

A cell with two complete sets of chromosomes

A cell that only contains one set of chromosomes

The process of transferring DNA from one cell to another

An organism with more than one species' DNA

Organisms whose genetic material has been modified for increased agricultural output

The molecule containing genetic information; found in the nucleus of a cell

The chemicals that make up the "rungs" of the DNA double helix

A sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait

One half of a duplicated chromosome

A threadlike, gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus, consisting of two chromatids

All of the genetic information in an organism

The part of a cell that directs and controls the ability of a cell to grow, develop, and replicate itself

A structure within the nucleus that creates ribosomes

Cells responsible for the creation of proteins

Macromolecules that all cells need to carry out bodily functions; consists of amino acids

Humans acting as the selective force for the breeding of organisms to develop desirable traits in offspring

Nature acting as the selective force for the breeding of organisms; AKA "survival of the fittest"

A form of natural selection where females prefer to mate males with specific characteristics

A system responsible for the communication of hazards, precautions, and emergency procedures for hazardous materials in the workplace

A table that organizes the elements by the number of protons

An organization responsible for the universal system of element symbols and names

Elements that are solid at room temperature (excluding mercury), conductive, malleable, ductile, and lustrous.

Elements that exist in any of the three common states of matter, and are not conductive, malleable, ductile, or lustrous.

Elements with a combination of properties of metals and non-metals.

A group of elements with similar properties

A column of elements on the periodic table