Chapter 12: Advances in Policing: New Technologies for Crime Analysis

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55 Terms

1

Rigel

________: Computerized geographic profiling that has statistical analyses, GIS, and management functions to further the process of investigative suggestions.

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2

Tactics

________: Methods for addressing the data on crime patterns.

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3

Finger identification systems

________: Using fingerprints to help identify a person.

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4

Relevancy

________: When two things are closely connected.

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5

Reliability

________: When something is consistent and trustworthy.

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6

Biometrics

________: Helps identify people quickly based on their characteristics:

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7

Automatic vehicle monitoring

________: Enhances officer safety as well as accountability, allows tracking of patrol vehicles, or not a car door has been left open.

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8

Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc (ESRI)

________: Creates cutting- edge and useful geographic information systems (GIS) for the public and business sectors.

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9

Closed Circuit Television

________: A system of cameras recording actions in both private and public settings for the purpose of security.

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10

Homeland Security Information Network (HSIN)

________ : Computer- based communication that allows state, federal, and local departments to share information.

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11

CompStat

________: This manages performances and reduces crime.

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12

Timeliness

________: Things being done at a good time.

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13

Nearness principle

________: Criminals will usually commit crimes in the same general area.

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14

Facial recognition software

________: Recognizes facial features of a person through videos or CCTV cameras to identify them.

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15

Crime mapping

________: Putting crime on a map and identifying the correlation between both crime and location.

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16

Pattern detection

________: Ability to find characteristics that are systematic.

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17

Geographic Profiling

________: Using geography, psychology, and math to find criminals.

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18

The first stage (1881-1945)

Mobile patrol, radio communications, telephone communications

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19

The second stage (1946-1959)

Traffic violation detection instruments

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20

Third stage (1960-1979)

911, centralized dispatch, civilian specialists, research and development organizations, computer age begins

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21

Fourth stage (1980-present)

Telecommunications advances, mobile data communications, expert systems, imaging, biometrics, GIS

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22

Crime analysis

The analysis of people involved in crimes, particularly repeat offenders, repeat victims, and criminal organizations

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23

Timeliness

Things being done at a good time

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24

Relevancy

When two things are closely connected

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25

Reliability

When something is consistent and trustworthy

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26

Strategic crime analysis

The study of crime in the community as well as problem-solving

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27

Crime Trend forecasting

Predicting crime before it occurs

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28

Tactical crime analysis

Examining data to find patterns and leads for recent criminal activity

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29

Pattern detection

Ability to find characteristics that are systematic

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30

Linkage analysis

Detecting chromosomes in disease genes

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31

Geographic information systems (GIS)

A computer system that analyzes and displays geographically referenced information

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32

Crime mapping

Putting crime on a map and identifying the correlation between both crime and location

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33

Geocoded

Transfering a location such as an address or coordinates into a surface on the earth

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34

Causation

The reason an action happens (cause)

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35

Correlation

The relationship between two variables

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36

CompStat

This manages performances and reduces crime

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37

Pattern Identification Modules (PIMs)

Each borough of New York City has developed groups made up of housing, transportation, patrol, detective, organized crime, and robbery squads to evaluate daily index crime statistics and identify crime clusters or patterns that need to be addressed for CompStat Meetings

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38

Tactics

Methods for addressing the data on crime patterns

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39

Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc (ESRI)

Creates cutting-edge and useful geographic information systems (GIS) for the public and business sectors

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40

Geographic Profiling

Using geography, psychology, and math to find criminals

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41

Nearness principle

Criminals will usually commit crimes in the same general area

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42

Rigel

Computerized geographic profiling that has statistical analyses, GIS, and management functions to further the process of investigative suggestions

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43

Record management systems (RMS)

Manages large amounts of data of a particular organization or offender

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44

Closed Circuit Television

A system of cameras recording actions in both private and public settings for the purpose of security

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45

Global Positioning Systems

Satelite technology that allows us to track patrol cars, stolen vehicles, or even find people

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46

Biometrics

Helps identify people quickly based on their characteristics

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47

Facial recognition software

Recognizes facial features of a person through videos or CCTV cameras to identify them

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48

Finger identification systems

Using fingerprints to help identify a person

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49

Homeland Security Information Network (HSIN)

Computer-based communication that allows state, federal, and local departments to share information

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50

Mobile digital communications

Nonverbal communication between communication centers and patrol

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51

Automatic vehicle monitoring

Enhances officer safety as well as accountability, allows tracking of patrol vehicles, or not a car door has been left open

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52

311 System

Calls that do not require emergency assistance should call here

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53

911 System

Calls that do require immediate emergency service should call here

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54

Advanced Generation of Interoperability for Law Enforcement (AGILE)

Prototype system that improves communication across law enforcement and other criminal justice agencies within a jurisdiction

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55

Automated Regional Justice Information System (ARJIS)

Database that facilitates the sharing of information among San Diego and neighboring criminal justice agencies

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