Intro into Applied health Science test #4

cardiorespiratory endurance muscular endurance muscular strength body composition flexibility

the ability of the circulatory and respiratory systems to supply oxygen during sustained physical activity

amount of muscle, fat, bone, and other vital parts of the body

the ability of a muscle to exert force

the ability of muscle to continue to perform without fatigue, and the ability to recover

the range of motion available at a joint

high intensity uses more

recovery uses more

max level of intensity without muscle fatigue

the point where energy systems switch from fat to glucose

slow oxidative fibers

fast oxidative glycolytic fibers

fast-twitch glycolytic fibers

oxidative metabolism occurs in the

glycolysis occurs in the

ratio of muscle fibers is ___________ determined

grow tissue

lose tissue

changing ________ of muscle fibers not amount of muscle fibers

when tension is developed in a muscle as a result of a stimulus

contraction in a muscle that just causes tension no change in length (no movement)

tension with shortening or lengthening of the muscle (movement)

muscle shortens (causes movement)

muscle lengthens (controls movement)

muscle that causes joint motion (primary mover)

muscle that relaxes to allow joint motion, located opposite from the agonist

the ability of the body to maintain a relative constant internal environment despite ever-changing external environment

the branch of science that investigates the aging process and tries to identify and control the variables that lead to functional decline

how old you are in years

certain aspects of aging are under an individuals control (physiological age)

programmed cell death

skin thins, decrease in collagen and elastin reduction in nerve centers lost ability to control body temperature

osteoclast activity outpaces osteoblast activity leading to osteoporosis increased risk of osteoarthritis reduction in calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D

type I fibers: number of blood vessels, myoglobin, and mitochondria diminish type II fibers: function decreases

regulate all other body systems loss of neurons over time reduction in responsiveness to hormones less effective immune system irregular sleep patterns

remove carbon dioxide, add oxygen increase in atherosclerosis blood vessels stiffen reduced capillaries increased edema heart stiffens causing increase in systolic blood pressure

lung capacity decreases elastic turns to collagen

converts food into energy and gets rid of waste biggest effect is on teeth medications absorption of nutrients diminishes

increased risk of infection and decreased ability to fight infection slower wound healing higher rates of tumor development

kidneys become less effective bladder loses elasticity

changes in estrogen levels

isotonic contractions under controlled resistance

inability to regulate body temperature loss of range of motion decrease in lean tissue loss of balance loss of cardiorespiratory functioning barriers to exercise

decrease in lean tissue

anything an organism /living being does, thinks, or feels

_________ behavior is a multidimensional aspect of what we do

change does not occur all at once (lengthy process) ~decisional balance ~stages of change ~processes of change ~self-efficacy

change is slow, each behavior goes through a cycle 5 steps

stage 1 of change I can't/I won't 6 months from change

stage 2 of change I might 1 month from change

stage 3 of change I will 1 week from change

stage 4 of change I am currently doing behavior

stage 5 of change I have behavior actively for 6+ months

moved back from 1 stage of change to a previous stage

assesses the importance that you place on the potential advantage and disadvantages of behavior (pros and cons)

ones belief that they can set and meet a goal

biggest indicator of self-efficacy

performance experience previous experience

observational learning if we see people like us being successful it boosts our belief in ourselves

mastery (performance) experience vicarious experience verbal persuasion physiological state emotional (mood) state

perceived threat perceived sustainability and perceived severity ~perceived benefits ~perceived barriers ~cues to action ~self-efficacy

opinion on chances of getting a condition

opinion on how serious a condition and its consequences are

belief in the efficacy of the advised action to reduce risk or seriousness of impact

opinion of the tangible and psychological costs of the advised action

strategies to cultivate readiness

_________ depends on these 2 things ~value placed by you on a particular goal ~your estimate of the likelihood that a given action will achieve the goal

5 main environmental influences the things closest to use have the most influence

individual

microsystem

mesosystem

exosystem

macrosystem

kids need ____ minutes of physical activity a day (including 3 days of bone loading/impact/resistance)

Higher engagement in MVPA may help to lower adiposity outcomes particularly in those at the upper extreme of the _________ distribution.

_____ is considered an acceptable tool for diagnosing obesity in young people.

There is a prevailing view that ______________ levels are low in young people, and that engagement in physical activity has declined and time spent sedentary has increased in the last two decades.

What percentage of children who are obese in childhood remain obese as adults?

Over the last four decades, the ___________ prevalence of obesity in young people has propelled the prevention and management of childhood obesity to the forefront of the global public health agenda.

What percentage of 13- to 15-year-old adolescents fall short of the current physical activity recommendations?

________levels of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are related to superior insulin sensitivity in children and adolescents.

What type of obesity is characterized by a chronic energy imbalance and is influenced by complex interactions between genetic, metabolic, behavioral and environmental factors.

What is the relationship between objective measures of physical activity and physical fitness in children and adolescents?

What decades in life are characterized by considerable growth, maturation and development?

Physical activity _______ the risk off disability and morbidity.

____________ in physical capacities do have important implications for the ability to perform activities of daily living.

Lifestyle and the ability to live ____________ may be compromised even in older adults free from disease due to a reduction in physical capacities.

Which of the following is not a factor which could be responsible for an improvement in maximal arteriovenous oxygen difference.

Cardiovascular fitness and muscular _________ are the two best-studied physical capacities in older adults.

What is the approximate rate of decline in VO2max per year?

What can profoundly influence physical function in older individuals?

In what decade does 100m time start to decrease?

The ________ in VO2max is thought to be largely related to reductions in maximal heart rate and fat mass.

Exercise training can help to _________ a high level of aerobic fitness in older adults it cannot prevent values from declining with age and the rate of decline in athletes who continue to train into old age is reported to be similar to that in sedentary individuals although there may be exceptions.

_________ is anything an organism or living being does, which includes actions, words, and manifestations of emotions and thoughts.

_________ behavior is a multidimensional aspect of what we do.

Which of the following is NOT a main construct in the transtheoretical model?

Which stage of change is "I might"

Which stage of change is "I can't or I won't"

Decisional balance ________ the importance that you place on the potential advantage and disadvantages of a behavior